Ukufakwa kwe-aluminium kanye ne-aluminium alloys

1. Ukukwazi ukuqina

Isici sokubilisa se-aluminium kanye ne-aluminium alloys asisihle, ikakhulukazi ngoba ifilimu ye-oxide ebusweni kunzima ukuyisusa. I-aluminium inobuhlobo obukhulu nomoya-mpilo. Kulula ukwakha ifilimu ye-oxide eqinile, eqinile futhi ephezulu yokuncibilika i-Al2O3 ebusweni. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ama-aluminium alloys aqukethe i-magnesium nawo azokwakha ifilimu ye-oxide eqinile kakhulu i-MgO. Azophazamisa kakhulu ukumanzisa nokusabalala kwe-solder. Futhi kunzima ukuyisusa. Ngesikhathi sokubilisa, inqubo yokubilisa ingenziwa kuphela ngokugeleza okufanele.

Okwesibili, ukusebenza kwe-aluminium alloy brazing kunzima. Indawo yokuncibilika kwe-aluminium ne-aluminium alloy ayihlukile kakhulu kwensimbi esetshenziswayo yokugcwalisa i-brazing. Ububanzi bokushisa obungakhethwa bokuncibilika buncane kakhulu. Ukulawulwa okuncane kokushisa okungafanele kulula ukubangela ukushisa ngokweqile noma ukuncibilika kwensimbi eyisisekelo, okwenza inqubo yokuncibilika ibe nzima. Amanye ama-aluminium alloy aqiniswa ukwelashwa kokushisa nawo azobangela izimo zokuthambisa njengokuguga ngokweqile noma ukuncibilikisa ngenxa yokushisa kwe-brazing, okuzonciphisa izakhiwo zamajoyinti ancibilikisiwe. Ngesikhathi sokuncibilikisa ilangabi, kunzima ukwahlulela izinga lokushisa ngoba umbala we-aluminium alloy awushintshi ngesikhathi sokushisa, okwandisa nezidingo zezinga lokusebenza lomqhubi.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukumelana nokugqwala kwamajoyinti e-aluminium ne-aluminium alloy brased kuthinteka kalula yizinsimbi zokugcwalisa kanye nama-fluxes. Amandla e-electrode e-aluminium ne-aluminium alloy ahluke kakhulu kulawo e-solder, okunciphisa ukumelana nokugqwala kwejoyinti, ikakhulukazi ejoyintini elithambile lokugoqa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iningi lama-fluxes asetshenziswa ekugoqeni ama-aluminium ne-aluminium alloys anokugqwala okunamandla. Ngisho noma ehlanzwa ngemva kokugoqa, ithonya lama-fluxes ekumelana nokugqwala kwamajoyinti ngeke liqedwe ngokuphelele.

2. Izinto zokubopha

(1) Ukushiswa kwe-aluminium kanye ne-aluminium alloys kuyindlela evame ukusetshenziswa, ngoba ukwakheka kanye nekhono le-electrode lensimbi yokushiswa kwe-brazing kanye nensimbi eyisisekelo kuhluke kakhulu, okulula ukubangela ukugqwala kwe-electrochemical kwejoyinti. Ukushiswa okuthambile kusebenzisa kakhulu i-zinc based solder kanye ne-tin lead solder, engahlukaniswa ibe yi-solder ephansi yokushisa (150 ~ 260 ℃), i-solder esezingeni eliphakathi (260 ~ 370 ℃) kanye ne-solder esezingeni eliphezulu (370 ~ 430 ℃) ngokuya ngebanga lokushisa. Lapho kusetshenziswa i-tin lead solder futhi ithusi noma i-nickel ibekwe ngaphambili ebusweni be-aluminium ukuze kushiswe, ukugqwala endaweni ehlanganayo yokuhlangana kungavinjelwa, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumelana nokugqwala kwejoyinti.

Ukushiswa kwe-aluminium kanye ne-aluminium alloys kusetshenziswa kabanzi, njenge-filter guide, i-evaporator, i-radiator kanye nezinye izingxenye. Izinsimbi zokugcwalisa ezisekelwe ku-aluminium kuphela ezingasetshenziswa ukushiswa kwe-aluminium kanye ne-aluminium alloys, phakathi kwazo izinsimbi zokugcwalisa ze-aluminium silicon silicon ezisetshenziswa kakhulu. Ububanzi obuthile bokusetshenziswa kanye namandla okusika amajoyinti ashisiwe kuboniswe kuThebula 8 kanye nethebula 9 ngokulandelana. Kodwa-ke, iphuzu lokuncibilika kwale solder liseduze nelensimbi eyisisekelo, ngakho-ke izinga lokushisa lokushisa kufanele lilawulwe ngokuqinile nangokunembile ngesikhathi sokushiswa ukuze kugwenywe ukushisa ngokweqile noma ngisho nokuncibilika kwensimbi eyisisekelo.

Ithebula 8 ububanzi bokusetshenziswa kwezinsimbi zokugcwalisa i-brazing ze-aluminium kanye ne-aluminium alloys

Ithebula 9 amandla okusika amalunga e-aluminium kanye ne-aluminium alloy ahlanganiswe ngensimbi ye-aluminium silicon filler

I-aluminium silicon solder ivame ukunikezwa ngesimo sempuphu, i-paste, ucingo noma ishidi. Kwezinye izimo, kusetshenziswa amapuleti e-solder ahlanganisiwe ane-aluminium njenge-core kanye ne-aluminium silicon solder njenge-cladding. Lolu hlobo lwepuleti elihlanganisiwe le-solder lwenziwa ngendlela ye-hydraulic futhi luvame ukusetshenziswa njengengxenye yezingxenye ze-brazing. Ngesikhathi se-brazing, insimbi ye-brazing filler epuletini elihlanganisiwe iyancibilika futhi igeleze ngaphansi kwesenzo se-capillary kanye namandla adonsela phansi ukuze kugcwaliswe igebe elihlangene.

(2) Igesi yokufudumala kanye nokuvikela i-aluminium kanye ne-aluminium alloy brazing, i-flux ekhethekile ivame ukusetshenziswa ukususa ifilimu. I-organic flux esekelwe ku-triethanolamine, njenge-fs204, isetshenziswa ne-solder ethambile enokushisa okuphansi. Inzuzo yale flux ukuthi ayinawo umphumela wokugqwala omncane ensimbini eyisisekelo, kodwa izokhiqiza inani elikhulu legesi, elizothinta ukumanzisa kanye nokubopha kwe-solder. I-reactive flux esekelwe ku-zinc chloride, njenge-fs203 kanye ne-fs220a, isetshenziswa ne-solder ethambile enokushisa okuphakathi kanye nokushisa okuphezulu. I-reactive flux igqwala kakhulu, futhi izinsalela zayo kumele zisuswe ngemuva kwe-brazing.

Njengamanje, ukushiswa kwe-aluminium kanye ne-aluminium alloys kusalawulwa ukususwa kwefilimu ye-flux. Ukushiswa kwe-brazing okusetshenziswayo kufaka phakathi ukushiswa kwe-chloride kanye ne-fluor. Ukushiswa kwe-chloride okusekelwe ku-chloride kunamandla amakhulu okususa ifilimu ye-oxide kanye nokugeleza okuhle, kodwa kunomphumela omuhle wokugqwala ensimbini eyisisekelo. Izinsalela zayo kumele zisuswe ngokuphelele ngemva kokushiswa kwe-fluor. Ukushiswa kwe-fluoride okusekelwe ku-fluoride uhlobo olusha lokushiswa, olunomphumela omuhle wokususa ifilimu futhi alukho ukugqwala ensimbini eyisisekelo. Kodwa-ke, lunezinga eliphezulu lokuncibilika kanye nokuzinza kokushisa okubi, futhi lungasetshenziswa kuphela nge-aluminium silicon solder.

Uma kushiswa i-aluminium kanye ne-aluminium alloys, kuvame ukusetshenziswa umoya we-vacuum, ongathathi hlangothi noma ongasebenzi. Uma kusetshenziswa i-vacuum brazing, izinga le-vacuum ngokuvamile kufanele lifinyelele ku-10-3pa. Uma kushiswa igesi ye-nitrogen noma ye-argon ukuze kuvikelwe, ubumsulwa bayo kumele bube phezulu kakhulu, futhi iphuzu lamazolo kumele libe ngaphansi kuka--40 ℃.

3. Ubuchwepheshe bokushisisa

Ukubhinca kwe-aluminium kanye ne-aluminium alloys kunezidingo eziphezulu zokuhlanzwa kwendawo yokusebenza. Ukuze kutholakale ikhwalithi enhle, ibala likawoyela kanye nefilimu ye-oxide ebusweni kumele kususwe ngaphambi kokubhinca. Susa ibala likawoyela ebusweni ngesisombululo samanzi se-Na2CO3 ekushiseni okungu-60 ~ 70 ℃ imizuzu emi-5 ~ 10, bese ugeza ngamanzi ahlanzekile; Ifilimu ye-oxide engaphezulu ingasuswa ngokubhinca ngesisombululo samanzi se-NaOH ekushiseni okungu-20 ~ 40 ℃ imizuzu emi-2 ~ 4, bese igezwa ngamanzi ashisayo; Ngemva kokususa ibala likawoyela kanye nefilimu ye-oxide ebusweni, indawo yokusebenza kufanele iphathwe ngesisombululo samanzi se-HNO3 ukuze icwebezele imizuzu emi-2 ~ 5, bese ihlanzwa emanzini agobhozayo bese yomiswa ekugcineni. Indawo yokusebenza ephathwe ngalezi zindlela akufanele ithintwe noma ingcoliswe olunye uthuli, futhi kufanele ibhincazwe zingakapheli amahora ayi-6 ~ 8. Kungcono ukubhinca ngokushesha uma kungenzeka.

Izindlela zokushisisa ze-aluminium ne-aluminium alloys zifaka kakhulu ukushisisa ilangabi, ukushisisa insimbi yokushisisa kanye nokushisisa isithando somlilo. Lezi zindlela ngokuvamile zisebenzisa ukushisisa ekushiseni, futhi zinezidingo eziqinile ekushiseni nasekubambeni isikhathi. Ngesikhathi sokushisisa ilangabi kanye nokushisisa insimbi yokushisisa, gwema ukushisisa ukushisisa ngqo ngomthombo wokushisa ukuze uvimbele ukushisisa ekushiseni nasekuhlulekeni. Njengoba i-aluminium ingancibilikiswa ku-solder ethambile enokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-zinc, ukushisisa kufanele kumiswe uma ijoyinti selakhiwe ukuze kugwenywe ukugqwala kwensimbi eyisisekelo. Kwezinye izimo, ukushisisa kwe-aluminium ne-aluminium alloys ngezinye izikhathi akusebenzisi ukushisisa, kodwa kusebenzisa izindlela ze-ultrasonic noma zokuskena ukususa ifilimu. Uma usebenzisa ukuskena ukususa ifilimu yokushisisa, qala ngokushisisa i-workpiece ekushiseni kokushisisa, bese uklwebha ingxenye yokushisisa ye-workpiece ngesiphetho senduku yokushisisa (noma ithuluzi lokuskena). Ngenkathi uphula ifilimu ye-oxide engaphezulu, isiphetho se-solder sizoncibilika futhi simanzise insimbi eyisisekelo.

Izindlela zokubilisa ze-aluminium ne-aluminium alloys zifaka phakathi ukubilisa ilangabi, ukubilisa isithando somlilo, ukubilisa nge-dip, ukubilisa nge-vacuum kanye nokubilisa ngegesi. Ukubilisa ilangabi kusetshenziselwa kakhulu izinto ezincane zokusebenza kanye nokukhiqizwa kwesiqeshana esisodwa. Ukuze kugwenywe ukwehluleka kokubilisa ngenxa yokuxhumana phakathi kokungcola okuku-acetylene kanye nokubilisa lapho kusetshenziswa ilangabi le-oxyacetylene, kufanelekile ukusebenzisa ilangabi lomoya elicindezelwe ngophethiloli elinokunciphisa okuncane ukuvimbela ukubola kwensimbi eyisisekelo. Ngesikhathi sokubilisa okuthile, ukubilisa i-flux kanye nensimbi yokugcwalisa kungabekwa endaweni ebilisiwe kusengaphambili bese kushiswa ngasikhathi sinye ne-workpiece; I-workpiece ingashiswa futhi ekushiseni kwe-brazing kuqala, bese kuthi i-solder ecwiliswe nge-flux ingathunyelwa endaweni yokubilisa; Ngemva kokuba ukubilisa insimbi yokugcwalisa kuncibilikisiwe, ilangabi lokushisa kufanele lisuswe kancane ngemva kokuba insimbi yokugcwalisa igcwaliswe ngokulinganayo.

Uma ufaka i-aluminium kanye ne-aluminium alloy esithandweni somoya, insimbi yokugcwalisa i-brazing kufanele ibekwe kusengaphambili, bese i-brazing flux incibilikiswe emanzini acwengekile ukuze kulungiselelwe isisombululo esijiyile esinokuhlushwa okungu-50% ~ 75%, bese imbozwa noma ifafazwe ebusweni be-brazing. Inani elifanele le-powder brazing flux lingambozwa nasensimbini yokugcwalisa i-brazing kanye nasebusweni be-brazing, bese i-weldment ehlanganisiwe kufanele ibekwe esithandweni ukuze kufudunyezwe i-brazing. Ukuze kuvinjelwe insimbi eyisisekelo ukuthi ingashisi kakhulu noma incibilike, izinga lokushisa lokushisa kumele lilawulwe ngokuqinile.

I-solder ye-paste noma ye-foil ivame ukusetshenziselwa i-dip brazing ye-aluminium kanye ne-aluminium alloys. I-workpiece ehlanganisiwe kufanele ishiswe ngaphambi kwe-brazing ukuze izinga lokushisa layo lisondele ezingeni lokushisa le-brazing, bese ifakwa ku-brazing flux ye-brazing. Ngesikhathi se-brazing, izinga lokushisa le-brazing kanye nesikhathi se-brazing kufanele kulawulwe ngokuqinile. Uma izinga lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu, insimbi eyisisekelo kulula ukuyincibilikisa futhi i-solder kulula ukuyilahleka; Uma izinga lokushisa liphansi kakhulu, i-solder ayincibiliki ngokwanele, futhi izinga le-brazing liyehla. Izinga lokushisa le-brazing kufanele linqunywe ngohlobo nosayizi wensimbi eyisisekelo, ukwakheka kanye nendawo yokuncibilika yensimbi yokugcwalisa, futhi ngokuvamile liphakathi kwezinga lokushisa le-liquidus yensimbi yokugcwalisa kanye nezinga lokushisa le-solidus yensimbi eyisisekelo. Isikhathi sokucwilisa se-workpiece ebhavini le-flux kumele siqinisekise ukuthi i-solder ingancibilika futhi igeleze ngokugcwele, futhi isikhathi sokusekela akufanele sibe side kakhulu. Ngaphandle kwalokho, i-silicon element ku-solder ingasakazeka ensimbini eyisisekelo, okwenza insimbi eyisisekelo eduze komthungo ibe brittle.

Ekushiseni nge-vacuum brazing ye-aluminium ne-aluminium alloys, ama-activator okusebenza kwensimbi avame ukusetshenziswa ukuguqula ifilimu ye-oxide engaphezulu kwe-aluminium nokuqinisekisa ukumanzisa nokusabalala kwe-solder. I-magnesium ingasetshenziswa ngqo ku-workpiece ngesimo sezinhlayiya, noma ifakwe endaweni ye-brazing ngesimo somusi, noma i-magnesium ingangezwa ku-aluminium silicon solder njengento ye-alloy. Kwi-workpiece enesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi, ukuqinisekisa umphumela ogcwele womusi we-magnesium ensimbi eyisisekelo nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi ye-brazing, izinyathelo zenqubo yokuvikela zasendaweni zivame ukuthathwa, okungukuthi, i-workpiece ifakwa kuqala ebhokisini lensimbi engagqwali (eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi ibhokisi lenqubo), bese ifakwa esithandweni se-vacuum ukuze kushiswe i-brazing. Amajoyinti e-Vacuum Brazed I-aluminium ne-aluminium alloy anendawo ebushelelezi kanye namajoyinti aqinile e-brazing, futhi awadingi ukuhlanzwa ngemva kwe-brazing; Kodwa-ke, imishini ye-vacuum brazing ibiza kakhulu, futhi umusi we-magnesium ungcolisa isithando somlilo ngokungathi sína, ngakho-ke udinga ukuhlanzwa nokugcinwa njalo.

Uma kushiswa i-aluminium kanye ne-aluminium alloys endaweni engathathi hlangothi noma engasebenzi, i-magnesium activator noma i-flux ingasetshenziswa ukususa ifilimu. Uma kushiswa i-magnesium activator ukususa ifilimu, inani le-magnesium elidingekayo liphansi kakhulu kunele-vacuum brazing. Ngokuvamile, i-w (mg) cishe ingu-0.2% ~ 0.5%. Uma okuqukethwe kwe-magnesium kuphezulu, ikhwalithi yejoyinti izoncishiswa. Indlela ye-NOCOLOK brazing esebenzisa i-fluoride flux kanye nokuvikelwa kwe-nitrogen iyindlela entsha ethuthukiswe ngokushesha eminyakeni yamuva. Njengoba insalela ye-fluoride flux ingamunci umswakama futhi ingagqwali i-aluminium, inqubo yokususa insalela ye-flux ngemva kwe-brazing ingashiywa. Ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kwe-nitrogen, kudingeka inani elincane kuphela le-fluoride flux elidinga ukumbozwa, insimbi yokugcwalisa ingamanzisa kahle insimbi eyisisekelo, futhi kulula ukuthola amalunga e-brazed asezingeni eliphezulu. Njengamanje, le ndlela ye-NOCOLOK brazing isetshenziswe ekukhiqizweni okukhulu kwe-aluminium radiator nezinye izingxenye.

Ukuze i-aluminium ne-aluminium alloy zihlanganiswe ne-flux ngaphandle kwe-fluoride flux, i-flux residue kumele isuswe ngokuphelele ngemva kwe-brazing. I-residue ye-organic brazing flux ye-aluminium ingagezwa ngezixazululo ze-organic ezifana ne-methanol ne-trichloroethylene, ihlanzwe ngesisombululo samanzi se-sodium hydroxide, bese ekugcineni ihlanzwe ngamanzi ashisayo nabandayo. I-Chloride iyi-residue ye-brazing flux ye-aluminium, engasuswa ngezindlela ezilandelayo; Okokuqala, cwilisa emanzini ashisayo ku-60 ~ 80 ℃ imizuzu eyi-10, hlanza ngokucophelela i-residue ekhoneni elihlanganisiwe ngebhulashi, bese uyihlanza ngamanzi abandayo; Bese uyicwilisa ngesisombululo samanzi se-nitric acid esingu-15% imizuzu engama-30, bese ekugcineni uyihlanza ngamanzi abandayo.