1. Izinto zokubopha
(1) Izinsimbi zamathuluzi okubumba kanye nama-carbide aqinisiwe ngokuvamile zisebenzisa ithusi elimsulwa, ithusi le-zinc kanye nesiliva lensimbi yokubumba. Ithusi elimsulwa liyakwazi ukumanzisa kahle kuzo zonke izinhlobo zama-carbide aqinisiwe, kodwa umphumela omuhle kakhulu ungatholakala ngokubumba endaweni encishisiwe ye-hydrogen. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu kokubumba, ukucindezeleka okusekuhlanganeni kukhulu, okuholela ekwandeni kokuqhekeka. Amandla okucheba elunga eliqinisiwe ngethusi elimsulwa angaba ngu-150MPa, kanti nokuqina kwelunga nakho kuphakeme, kodwa akufaneleki emsebenzini wokushisa okuphezulu.
Insimbi yokugcwalisa i-zinc ye-copper iyinsimbi yokugcwalisa evame ukusetshenziswa kakhulu ezinsimbini zamathuluzi okubamba kanye nama-carbide aqinisiwe. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumanzi kwe-solder kanye namandla ejoyinti, i-Mn, i-Ni, i-Fe nezinye izakhi ze-alloy zivame ukungezwa ku-solder. Isibonelo, i-w (MN) engu-4% ingezwa ku-b-cu58znmn ukwenza amandla okubamba amajoyinti aqinisiwe e-carbide aqinisiwe afinyelele ku-300 ~ 320MPa ekushiseni kwegumbi; Isengagcina i-220 ~ 240mpa ku-320 ℃. Ukwengeza inani elincane le-CO ngokusekelwe ku-b-cu58znmn kungenza amandla okubamba amajoyinti aqinisiwe afinyelele ku-350Mpa, futhi inokuqina okuphezulu kanye namandla okukhathala, okuthuthukisa kakhulu impilo yenkonzo yamathuluzi okusika namathuluzi okubhoboza amatshe.
Indawo ephansi yokuncibilika kwensimbi yesiliva yokugcwalisa ithusi kanye nokucindezeleka okuncane kokushisa kwejoyinti elihlanganisiwe kuyasiza ekunciphiseni ukuthambekela kokuqhekeka kwe-carbide ehlanganisiwe ngesikhathi sokubopha. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukumanzi kwe-solder futhi kuthuthukiswe amandla kanye nokushisa kokusebenza kwejoyinti, i-Mn, i-Ni nezinye izakhi ze-alloy zivame ukungezwa ku-solder. Isibonelo, i-b-ag50cuzncdni solder inokumanzi okuhle kakhulu ku-carbide ehlanganisiwe, kanti ijoyinti elihlanganisiwe linezakhiwo ezinhle eziphelele.
Ngaphezu kwezinhlobo ezintathu ezingenhla zezinsimbi zokugcwalisa insimbi, izinsimbi zokugcwalisa insimbi ezisekelwe ku-Mn kanye ne-Ni, njenge-b-mn50nicucrco kanye ne-b-ni75crsib, zingakhethwa ukuze kusetshenziswe i-carbide esimende esebenza ngaphezu kwama-500 ℃ futhi idinga amandla aphezulu okuhlangana. Ukuze kufakwe insimbi esheshayo, kufanele kukhethwe insimbi ekhethekile yokugcwalisa insimbi enokushisa okufanelana nokushisa kokucima. Le nsimbi yokugcwalisa ihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili: eyodwa insimbi yokugcwalisa yohlobo lwe-ferromanganese, eyakhiwa kakhulu i-ferromanganese kanye ne-borax. Amandla okusika ejoyintini elihlanganisiwe ngokuvamile angaba ngu-100MPa, kodwa ijoyinti livame ukuqhekeka; Olunye uhlobo lwe-alloy yethusi ekhethekile equkethe i-Ni, i-Fe, i-Mn kanye ne-Si akulula ukukhiqiza imifantu emajoyintini ahlanganisiwe, futhi amandla ayo okusika angandiswa abe ngu-300mpa.
(2) Ukukhethwa kwe-brazing flux kanye ne-shielding gas brazing flux kufanele kuhambisane nensimbi eyisisekelo kanye nensimbi yokugcwalisa ezoshintshwa. Lapho kushintshwa insimbi yethuluzi lokufaka kanye ne-carbide eqinisiwe, i-brazing flux esetshenziswayo ikakhulukazi yi-borax kanye ne-boric acid, kanti amanye ama-fluoride (KF, NaF, CaF2, njll.) ayengezwa. Ama-flue e-Fb301, fb302 kanye ne-fb105 asetshenziselwa i-copper zinc solder, kanti ama-flue e-fb101 ~ fb104 asetshenziselwa i-silver copper solder. I-Borax flux isetshenziswa kakhulu lapho kushintshwa insimbi ekhethekile yokugcwalisa i-brazing ukuze kushiswe insimbi esheshayo.
Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukushiswa kwensimbi yamathuluzi ngesikhathi sokushisa kwe-brazing nokugwema ukuhlanza ngemva kwe-brazing, i-brazing evikelwe yigesi ingasetshenziswa. Igesi evikelayo ingaba yigesi engasebenzi noma igesi enciphisayo, kanti iphuzu lamazolo legesi kufanele libe ngaphansi kuka--40 ℃ I-carbide esimende ingashiswa ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kwe-hydrogen, kanti iphuzu lamazolo le-hydrogen elidingekayo kufanele libe ngaphansi kuka--59 ℃.
2. Ubuchwepheshe be-brazing
Insimbi yamathuluzi kumele ihlanzwe ngaphambi kokufaka insimbi, futhi indawo efakwe umshini akudingeki ibe bushelelezi kakhulu ukuze kube lula ukumanzisa nokusabalala kwezinto kanye nokushintshashintsha kwensimbi. Indawo engaphezulu kwe-carbide efakwe insimbi kumele ifuthwe ngesihlabathi ngaphambi kokufaka insimbi, noma ipholishwe nge-silicon carbide noma isondo lokugaya idayimane ukuze kususwe ikhabhoni eningi ebusweni, ukuze imanziswe ngensimbi yokugcwalisa insimbi ngesikhathi sokufaka insimbi. I-carbide efakwe insimbi equkethe i-titanium carbide kunzima ukuyimanzisa. I-Copper oxide noma i-nickel oxide paste ifakwa ebusweni bayo ngendlela entsha futhi ibhakwe endaweni encishisiwe ukuze kwenziwe ukushintshela kwethusi noma i-nickel ebusweni, ukuze kwandiswe ukumanzisa kwe-solder enamandla.
Ukushiswa kwensimbi yamathuluzi ekhabhoni kufanele kwenziwe ngaphambi noma ngesikhathi esifanayo nenqubo yokucinywa. Uma ukushiswa kwensimbi kwenziwa ngaphambi kwenqubo yokucinywa, izinga lokushisa le-solidus lensimbi yokucinywa esetshenziswayo kufanele libe phezulu kunezinga lokushisa lokucinywa, ukuze ukushiswa kusenamandla aphezulu ngokwanele uma kushiswa kabusha kuze kufike ekushiseni kokucinywa ngaphandle kokwehluleka. Lapho ukushiswa kwensimbi nokucinywa kuhlanganiswa, insimbi yokucinywa enokushisa kwe-solidus okuseduze nokushisa kokucinywa kufanele kukhethwe.
Insimbi yamathuluzi e-alloy inezakhi eziningi ezahlukene. Insimbi yokugcwalisa i-brazing efanele, inqubo yokwelapha ukushisa kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuhlanganisa inqubo ye-brazing kanye nokwelapha ukushisa kufanele kunqunywe ngokuya ngohlobo oluthile lwensimbi, ukuze kutholakale ukusebenza okuhle kwamalunga.
Izinga lokushisa lokucima insimbi yesivinini esikhulu ngokuvamile liphakeme kunezinga lokushisa lokuncibilika kwe-silver copper kanye ne-copper zinc solder, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ukucima ngaphambi kokufaka i-braze kanye ne-braze ngesikhathi noma ngemva kokufaka i-temperature yesibili. Uma kudingeka ukucima i-braze ngemva kokufaka i-braze, insimbi ekhethekile yokugcwalisa i-brazing kuphela eshiwo ngenhla engasetshenziswa ekufakeni i-braze. Lapho ufaka amathuluzi okusika insimbi yesivinini esikhulu, kufanelekile ukusebenzisa i-coke furnace. Lapho insimbi yokugcwalisa i-brazing incibilikile, khipha ithuluzi lokusika bese ulicindezela ngokushesha, khipha insimbi yokugcwalisa i-brazing eningi, bese ucisha i-oyela, bese ulishisa ku-550 ~ 570 ℃.
Uma ufaka i-brazing blade ye-carbide esimende ngebha yamathuluzi ensimbi, indlela yokwandisa igebe le-brazing kanye nokusebenzisa i-plastic compensation gasket esikhaleni se-brazing kufanele isetshenziswe, futhi ukupholisa kancane kufanele kwenziwe ngemva kokushisela ukuze kuncishiswe ukucindezeleka kwe-brazing, kuvinjelwe imifantu futhi kwandiswe impilo yenkonzo yokuhlanganiswa kwamathuluzi e-carbide esimende.
Ngemva kokushisela i-fiber, insalela ye-flux ku-weldment kufanele igezwe ngamanzi ashisayo noma ingxube yokususa i-slag ejwayelekile, bese ifakwa ku-pickling solution efanele ukuze kususwe ifilimu ye-oxide entongeni yethuluzi eliyisisekelo. Kodwa-ke, qaphela ukuthi ungasebenzisi isixazululo se-nitric acid ukuvimbela ukugqwala kwensimbi ehlanganisiwe ye-brazing.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Juni-13-2022