Isingeniso semodeli

Ukwelashwa kokushisa kokungenisa kanye nokucima amapayipi ensimbi kuyindlela yokwelapha ukushisa okusheshayo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokwelashwa kokushisa kokushisa komlilo okuvamile, kunezinzuzo eziningi: isakhiwo sensimbi esincane sinohlamvu oluhle kakhulu; ukushisa okusheshayo kuya ekushiseni kwe-austenitic ngaphambi kokucima kwakha isakhiwo se-martensite esihle kakhulu, futhi ngesikhathi sokucima, kwakheka isakhiwo se-ferrite-pearlite esinohlamvu oluhle kakhulu. Ngenxa yesikhathi esifushane sokucima ukushisa kokungenisa, izinhlayiya ezincane ze-carbide ziyawa futhi zisatshalaliswa ngokulinganayo ku-matrix ye-martensite enohlamvu oluhle. Lesi sakhiwo esincane sinenzuzo ikakhulukazi ezimbozweni ezingamelani nokugqwala.