1. Ukuba nesibindi
Kunzima ukwenza i-ceramic kanye ne-ceramic, izingxenye ze-ceramic nezensimbi. Iningi le-solder lakha ibhola endaweni ye-ceramic, enokumanziswa okuncane noma okungamanzi. Insimbi yokugcwalisa ekwazi ukumanzisa i-ceramics kulula ukwenza inhlanganisela ye-brittle ehlukahlukene (njengama-carbides, ama-silicides nama-ternary noma ama-multivariate compounds) ekuxhumaneni okuhlangene ngesikhathi sokubhula. Ukuba khona kwalezi zinhlanganisela kuthinta izakhiwo zemishini zelunga. Ukwengeza, ngenxa yomehluko omkhulu wama-coefficients wokwandisa okushisayo phakathi kwe-ceramic, insimbi kanye ne-solder, kuzoba nokucindezeleka okusalayo ekuhlanganyeleni ngemva kokuba izinga lokushisa elivuthayo lipholile ekamelweni lokushisa, elingabangela ukuqhekeka okuhlangene.
Ukumanzisa kwe-solder ebusweni be-ceramic kungathuthukiswa ngokungeza izakhi zensimbi ezisebenzayo ku-solder evamile; Izinga lokushisa eliphansi kanye ne-brazing yesikhathi esifushane kunganciphisa umphumela wokusabela kwesixhumi esibonakalayo; Ukucindezeleka okushisayo okuhlangene kungancishiswa ngokuklama ifomu elihlangene elifanele futhi kusetshenziswe insimbi eyodwa noma eminingi yongqimba njengongqimba oluphakathi.
2. Solder
I-Ceramic nensimbi kuvame ukuxhunywa esithandweni se-vacuum noma i-hydrogen ne-argon furnace. Ngaphezu kwezimpawu ezijwayelekile, izinsimbi zokugcwalisa i-brazing zamadivayisi kagesi we-vacuum kufanele futhi zibe nezidingo ezikhethekile. Isibonelo, i-solder akufanele iqukathe izakhi ezikhiqiza umfutho we-vapor ophezulu, ukuze ungabangeli ukuvuza kwe-dielectric kanye ne-cathode poisoning yamadivayisi. Ngokuvamile kucaciswa ukuthi lapho idivayisi isebenza, ukucindezela komhwamuko we-solder akufanele kudlule i-10-3pa, futhi ukungcola okuphezulu komfutho womoya oqukethwe akumele kudlule u-0.002% ~ 0.005%; I-w (o) ye-solder akufanele idlule u-0.001%, ukuze ugweme umhwamuko wamanzi okhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokubhula i-hydrogen, engase ibangele ukuchaphazwa kwensimbi encibilikisiwe ye-solder; Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-solder kufanele ihlanzeke futhi ingabi nama-oxide angaphezulu.
Lapho i-brazing ngemuva kwe-ceramic metallization, ithusi, isisekelo, ithusi lesiliva, ithusi legolide nezinye izinsimbi zokugcwalisa i-alloy brazing zingasetshenziswa.
Ngokubhula okuqondile kwezitsha zobumba nezinsimbi, izinsimbi zokugcwalisa eziqukethe izakhi ezisebenzayo i-Ti ne-Zr zizokhethwa. Izinsimbi zokugcwalisa kanambambili ikakhulukazi i-Ti Cu kanye ne-Ti Ni, engasetshenziswa ku-1100 ℃. Phakathi kwe-ternary solder, i-Ag Cu Ti (W) (TI) iyi-solder esetshenziswa kakhulu, engasetshenziselwa ukubhula okuqondile kwezitsha zobumba nezinsimbi. I-ternary filler metal ingasetshenziswa nge-foil, powder noma i-Ag Cu eutectic filler metal ene-Ti powder. I-B-ti49be2 brazing filler metal inokumelana nokugqwala okufanayo kwensimbi engagqwali kanye nomfutho womoya ophansi. Kungakhethwa ngokukhethekile emalungeni okuvalwa kwe-vacuum nge-oxidation kanye nokumelana nokuvuza. Ku-ti-v-cr solder, izinga lokushisa elincibilikayo liphansi kakhulu (1620 ℃) uma i-w (V) ingu-30%, futhi ukungezwa kwe-Cr kunganciphisa ngempumelelo ibanga lokushisa elincibilikayo. I-solder ye-B-ti47.5ta5 ngaphandle kwe-Cr isetshenziselwe ukubhula okuqondile kwe-alumina ne-magnesium oxide, futhi ilunga layo lingasebenza ekushiseni kwe-ambient okungu-1000 ℃. Ithebula 14 libonisa ukuguquguquka okusebenzayo kokuxhumana okuqondile phakathi kwe-ceramic nensimbi.
Ithebula le-14 lensimbi esebenzayo yokugcwalisa i-brazing ye-ceramic ne-brazing yensimbi
2. Ubuchwepheshe be-Brazing
Amaceramics enziwe ngensimbi ngaphambili angagxilwa kugesi engabizi kakhulu, i-hydrogen noma imvelo yevacuum. I-vacuum brazing ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukubrasa okuqondile kwezitsha zobumba ngaphandle kwe-metalization.
(1) Inqubo yokubhinca yendawo yonke inqubo yokubrazisa yendawo yonke ye-ceramic nensimbi ingahlukaniswa ngezinqubo eziyisikhombisa: ukuhlanza indawo, ukunamathisela okunamathiselwe, i-ceramic surface metallization, i-nickel plating, i-brazing kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-post weld.
Inhloso yokuhlanza ingaphezulu ukususa ibala likawoyela, ibala lokujuluka kanye nefilimu ye-oxide ebusweni bensimbi eyisisekelo. Izingxenye zensimbi kanye ne-solder kufanele zihlanjululwe kuqala, bese ifilimu ye-oxide izosuswa ngokugeza kwe-asidi noma i-alkali, igezwe ngamanzi agelezayo futhi yomiswe. Izingxenye ezinezidingo eziphezulu zizophathwa ngokushiswa esithandweni se-vacuum noma esithandweni se-hydrogen (indlela ye-ion bombardment ingasetshenziswa) ezingeni lokushisa elifanele kanye nesikhathi sokuhlanza ubuso bezingxenye. Izingxenye ezihlanziwe akufanele zihlangane nezinto ezinamafutha noma izandla ezingenalutho. Zizofakwa ngokushesha kunqubo elandelayo noma kumshini wokomisa. Ngeke zivezwe emoyeni isikhathi eside. Izingxenye ze-Ceramic kufanele zihlanzwe nge-acetone ne-ultrasonic, zigezwe ngamanzi agelezayo, futhi ekugcineni zibiliswe kabili ngamanzi ahlanzekile imizuzu engu-15 isikhathi ngasinye.
Namathisela enamathela kuyinqubo ebalulekile metallization Ceramic. Ngesikhathi sokumboza, isetshenziswa endaweni ye-ceramic ukuze yenziwe insimbi ngebhulashi noma umshini wokunamathisela wokunamathisela. Ugqinsi lwe-coating ngokuvamile luyi-30 ~ 60mm. I-paste ngokuvamile ilungiswa ngempushana yensimbi ehlanzekile (ngezinye izikhathi i-oxide yensimbi efanelekile yengezwa) enosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezingaba ngu-1 ~ 5um kanye ne-organic adhesive.
Izingxenye ze-ceramic ezinamathiselwe zithunyelwa esithandweni se-hydrogen futhi zifakwe i-hydrogen emanzi noma i-ammonia ephukile ku-1300 ~ 1500 ℃ imizuzu engu-30 ~ 60min. Ezingxenyeni ze-ceramic ezinamekwe ngama-hydride, zizoshiswa cishe ku-900 ℃ ukuze zibole ama-hydride futhi zisabele ngensimbi emsulwa noma i-titanium (noma i-zirconium) esele endaweni ye-ceramic ukuze kutholwe ukunamathela kwensimbi endaweni yobumba.
Okwesendlalelo se-Metalized Mo Mn, ukuze sibe manzi ngesoda, ungqimba lwe-nickel olungu-1.4 ~ 5um kufanele lufakwe ugesi noma lugcotshwe ngongqimba lwempushana ye-nickel. Uma izinga lokushisa lokubhula lingaphansi kuka-1000 ℃, ungqimba lwe-nickel ludinga ukushiswa ngaphambili esithandweni se-hydrogen. Izinga lokushisa sintering nesikhathi 1000 ℃ / 15 ~ 20min.
I-ceramics ephathwayo izingxenye zensimbi, ezizohlanganiswa zibe zizonke ngensimbi engagqwali noma i-graphite kanye nesikhunta se-ceramic. I-solder izofakwa emajoyintini, futhi i-workpiece izogcinwa ihlanzekile kulo lonke umsebenzi, futhi ngeke ithintwe ngezandla ezingenalutho.
Ukushisa kufanele kwenziwe esithandweni se-argon, i-hydrogen noma i-vacuum. Ukushisa kwe-brazing kuncike ku-brazing filler metal. Ukuze uvimbele ukuqhekeka kwezingxenye ze-ceramic, izinga lokupholisa akufanele lisheshe kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-brazing ingasebenzisa ingcindezi ethile (cishe 0.49 ~ 0.98mpa).
Ngokungeziwe ekuhlolweni kwekhwalithi yangaphezulu, izindawo zokushisela ezibrazed nazo zizoba ngaphansi kokushaqeka okushisayo nokuhlolwa kwempahla ngemishini. Izingxenye zokuvala zemishini ye-vacuum kufanele futhi zibe ngaphansi kokuhlolwa kokuvuza ngokuya ngemithetho efanele.
(2) Ukubrasa okuqondile lapho kubhuka ngokuqondile (indlela yensimbi esebenzayo), qala ngokuhlanza indawo yokushisela i-ceramic neyensimbi, bese uyazihlanganisa. Ukuze ugweme ukuqhekeka okubangelwa ama-coefficients ahlukene okunweba okushisayo kwezakhi zengxenye, isendlalelo se-buffer (ungqimba olulodwa noma ngaphezulu lwamashidi ensimbi) lungashintshwa phakathi kokushisela. I-brazing filler metal izoboshelwa phakathi kokushisela okubili noma ibekwe endaweni lapho igebe ligcwaliswa khona ngensimbi yokugcwalisa ebhulasi ngangokunokwenzeka, bese ukubhsa kuzokwenziwa njengokugqanyiswa kwe-vacuum okuvamile.
Uma i-Ag Cu Ti solder isetshenziselwa ukubhula okuqondile, indlela yokufaka i-vacuum brazing izokwamukelwa. Lapho i-vacuum degree esithandweni ifinyelela ku-2.7 × Qala ukushisa ngo-10-3pa, futhi izinga lokushisa lingakhuphuka ngokushesha ngalesi sikhathi; Lapho izinga lokushisa liseduze nendawo yokuncibilika kwe-solder, izinga lokushisa kufanele liphakanyiswe kancane ukuze izinga lokushisa lazo zonke izingxenye ze-weldment lifane; Lapho i-solder incibilika, izinga lokushisa lizokhushulwa ngokushesha libe izinga lokushisa eliqinile, futhi isikhathi sokubamba sizoba ngu-3 ~ 5min; Ngesikhathi sokupholisa, izopholiswa kancane kancane ngaphambi kuka-700 ℃, futhi ingapholiswa ngokwemvelo ngesithando somlilo ngemva kuka-700 ℃.
Lapho i-Ti Cu esebenzayo i-solder iboshwe ngokuqondile, uhlobo lwe-solder ingaba i-Cu foil kanye ne-Ti powder noma izingxenye ze-Cu kanye ne-Ti foil, noma i-ceramic surface ingagcotshwa nge-Ti powder plus Cu foil. Ngaphambi kokugqama, zonke izingxenye zensimbi zizokhishwa nge-vacuum. Izinga lokushisa elikhipha umoya-mpilo lethusi elingenayo umoya-mpilo lizoba ngu-750 ~ 800 ℃, futhi i-Ti, Nb, Ta, njll. izokhishwa ku-900 ℃ imizuzu engu-15. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-vacuum degree akufanele ibe ngaphansi kuka-6.7 × 10-3Pa. Ngesikhathi sokubhula, hlanganisa izingxenye ezizoshiselwa endaweni, zishise esithandweni somlilo ku-900 ~ 1120 ℃, futhi isikhathi sokubamba ngu-2 ~ 5min. Phakathi nayo yonke inqubo yokubhula, i-vacuum degree akufanele ibe ngaphansi kuka-6.7 × 10-3Pa.
Inqubo yokubrasa yendlela ye-Ti Ni ifana neyendlela ye-Ti Cu, futhi izinga lokushisa lokubhusa lingu-900 ± 10 ℃.
(3) Indlela ye-oxide brazing indlela ye-oxide brazing iyindlela yokuthola ukuxhumana okuthembekile ngokusebenzisa isigaba sengilazi esakhiwe ukuncibilika kwe-oxide solder ukuze ingene kumaceramics futhi imanzise ingaphezulu lensimbi. Ingakwazi ukuxhuma i-ceramics nge-ceramics kanye ne-ceramics ngezinsimbi. Izinsimbi ze-oxide brazing filler ikakhulukazi zakhiwe i-Al2O3, i-Cao, i-Bao ne-MgO. Ngokungeza i-B2O3, i-Y2O3 ne-ta2o3, izinsimbi zokugcwalisa ezinamaphoyinti ahlukahlukene okuncibilika kanye nama-coefficients omugqa wokunwebeka angatholakala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-fluoride brazing filler metals ene-CaF2 ne-NaF njengezingxenye eziyinhloko ingase futhi isetshenziselwe ukuxhuma i-ceramics nezinsimbi ukuze kutholwe amalunga anamandla aphezulu kanye nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-13-2022