Ukubopha ngensimbi engagqwali

Ukubopha ngensimbi engagqwali

1. Ukukwazi ukuqina

Inkinga eyinhloko ekushiseni ngensimbi engagqwali ukuthi ifilimu ye-oxide ebusweni ithinta kakhulu ukumanzisa nokusabalala kwe-solder. Izinsimbi ezahlukene ezingagqwali ziqukethe inani elikhulu le-Cr, kanti ezinye ziqukethe i-Ni, Ti, Mn, Mo, Nb nezinye izinto, ezingakha izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-oxide noma ngisho nama-composite oxides ebusweni. Phakathi kwazo, ama-oxide i-Cr2O3 ne-TiO2 e-Cr ne-Ti azinzile futhi kunzima ukuwasusa. Lapho kushiseni ngensimbi emoyeni, i-active flux kumele isetshenziswe ukuwasusa; Lapho kushiseni ngensimbi endaweni evikelayo, ifilimu ye-oxide ingancishiswa kuphela endaweni ehlanzekile ephezulu enephuzu eliphansi lamazolo kanye nokushisa okuphezulu okwanele; Lapho kushiseni ngensimbi engagqwali, kuyadingeka ukuthi kube ne-vacuum eyanele kanye nokushisa okwanele ukuze kufezwe umphumela omuhle wokushiseni ngensimbi.

Enye inkinga yokushiswa kwensimbi engagqwali ukuthi izinga lokushisa lokushisa linomthelela omkhulu esakhiweni sensimbi eyisisekelo. Izinga lokushisa lokushisa lokushiswa kwensimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic akufanele libe ngaphezu kuka-1150 ℃, ngaphandle kwalokho okusanhlamvu kuzokhula kakhulu; Uma insimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic ingenayo i-Ti noma i-Nb ezinzile futhi inokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwekhabhoni, ukushiswa kwensimbi ngaphakathi kwezinga lokushisa lokuzwela (500 ~ 850 ℃) nakho kufanele kugwenywe. Ukuvimbela ukumelana nokugqwala ukuthi kwehle ngenxa yokuna kwe-chromium carbide. Ukukhethwa kwezinga lokushisa lokushiswa kwensimbi engagqwali ye-martensitic kuqinile kakhulu. Okokuqala ukufanisa izinga lokushisa lokushiswa nezinga lokushisa lokucima, ukuze kuhlanganiswe inqubo yokushiswa nenqubo yokwelashwa kokushisa; Okunye ukuthi izinga lokushisa lokushiswa kufanele libe ngaphansi kwezinga lokushisa lokushisa ukuvimbela insimbi eyisisekelo ukuthi ithambe ngesikhathi sokushiswa. Isimiso sokukhetha izinga lokushisa lokushiswa kwensimbi engagqwali yokuqinisa imvula siyafana nesensimbi engagqwali ye-martensitic, okungukuthi, izinga lokushisa lokushiswa kumele lihambisane nesistimu yokwelapha ukushisa ukuze kutholakale izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu zemishini.

Ngaphezu kwezinkinga ezimbili eziyinhloko ezingenhla, kukhona ukuthambekela kokuqhekeka kokucindezeleka lapho kushiswa insimbi engagqwali ye-austenitic, ikakhulukazi lapho kushiswa ngensimbi ye-copper zinc filler. Ukuze kugwenywe ukuqhekeka kokucindezeleka, umsebenzi kufanele uncishiswe ukucindezeleka ngaphambi kokushiswa, futhi umsebenzi kufanele ufudunyezwe ngokulinganayo ngesikhathi sokushiswa.

2. Izinto zokubopha

(1) Ngokwezidingo zokusetshenziswa kwezinsimbi zokushisela zensimbi engagqwali, izinsimbi zokushisela ze-brazing ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zezinsimbi zokushisela zensimbi engagqwali zifaka insimbi yokushisela ye-Tin Lead, insimbi yokushisela ye-brazing esekelwe esiliva, insimbi yokushisela ye-brazing esekelwe ethusi, insimbi yokushisela ye-brazing esekelwe e-manganese, insimbi yokushisela ye-brazing esekelwe e-nickel kanye nensimbi yokushisela ye-brazing yensimbi eyigugu.

I-tin lead solder isetshenziswa kakhulu ekuhlanganiseni insimbi engagqwali, futhi ifanelekile ukuba nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwe-tin. Uma okuqukethwe kwe-tin kwe-solder kuphakeme, kulapho ukumanzi kwayo kungcono khona ensimbi engagqwali. Amandla okusika amajoyinti ensimbi engagqwali angu-1Cr18Ni9Ti ahlanganiswe nama-tin lead solder amaningana avamile abhalwe kuThebula 3. Ngenxa yamandla aphansi amajoyinti, asetshenziselwa kuphela izingxenye ze-brazing ezinomthamo omncane wokuthwala.

Amandla okucheba ethebula lesi-3 enhlanganisela yensimbi engagqwali engu-1Cr18Ni9Ti eboshwe nge-tin lead solder

Izinsimbi zokugcwalisa ezisekelwe esiliva yizona ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ekufakeni insimbi engagqwali. Phakathi kwazo, izinsimbi zokugcwalisa zesiliva zethusi zinc kanye nesiliva zethusi zinc cadmium zisetshenziswa kakhulu ngoba izinga lokushisa lokufakeni alinawo umthelela omkhulu ezimpahleni zensimbi eyisisekelo. Amandla ezinsimbi zensimbi engagqwali ze-ICr18Ni9Ti ezifakwe izihlanganisi eziningana ezisekelwe esiliva ezivamile abhalwe kuThebula 4. Izinsimbi zensimbi engagqwali ezifakwe izihlanganisi ezisekelwe esiliva azivamile ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezigqwali kakhulu, futhi izinga lokushisa lokusebenza lamalungu ngokuvamile alidluli ku-300 ℃. Lapho kufakwe insimbi engagqwali ngaphandle kwe-nickel, ukuze kuvinjelwe ukugqwala kwejoyinti elifakwe izihlanganisi endaweni enomswakama, kuzosetshenziswa insimbi yokugcwalisa izihlanganisi ene-nickel eningi, njenge-b-ag50cuzncdni. Lapho kufakwe insimbi engagqwali ye-martensitic, ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuthamba kwensimbi eyisisekelo, kuzosetshenziswa insimbi yokugcwalisa izihlanganisi enezinga lokushisa lokufakeni elingadluli ku-650 ℃, njenge-b-ag40cuzncd. Uma ufaka insimbi engagqwali endaweni evikelayo, ukuze kususwe ifilimu ye-oxide ebusweni, i-lithium equkethe i-self brazing flux ingasetshenziswa, njenge-b-ag92culi kanye ne-b-ag72culi. Uma ufaka insimbi engagqwali ku-vacuum, ukuze insimbi yokugcwalisa ihlale inomswakama omuhle uma ingenazo izinto ezifana ne-Zn kanye ne-CD okulula ukuzikhipha, insimbi yokugcwalisa isiliva equkethe izinto ezifana ne-Mn, i-Ni kanye ne-RD ingakhethwa.

Amandla ethebula lesi-4 lejoyinti yensimbi engagqwali ye-ICr18Ni9Ti eboshwe ngensimbi yokugcwalisa esekelwe esiliva

Izinsimbi zokugcwalisa insimbi ezisekelwe kuthusi ezisetshenziselwa ukubhoboza izinsimbi ezahlukene ikakhulukazi ithusi elimsulwa, i-nickel yethusi kanye nethusi le-manganese cobalt brazing filler. Insimbi yokugcwalisa insimbi ehlanzekile ye-cobalt isetshenziswa kakhulu ukubhoboza ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kwegesi noma i-vacuum. Izinga lokushisa lokusebenza le-stainless steel joint alikho ngaphezu kuka-400 ℃, kodwa i-joint inokumelana nokushiswa kwe-oxidation okungekuhle. Insimbi yokugcwalisa insimbi ye-nickel brazing ye-Copper isetshenziswa kakhulu ukubhoboza ilangabi kanye nokubhoboza kokungeniswa. Amandla e-1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel joint ebhoboziwe aboniswe kuThebula 5. Kungabonakala ukuthi i-joint inamandla afanayo nensimbi eyisisekelo, futhi izinga lokushisa lokusebenza liphezulu. Insimbi yokugcwalisa insimbi ye-Cu Mn co brazing isetshenziswa kakhulu ukubhoboza insimbi engagqwali ye-martensitic emoyeni ovikelayo. Amandla e-joint kanye nezinga lokushisa lokusebenza kufana nalawo aboshwe ngensimbi yokugcwalisa esekelwe kugolide. Isibonelo, i-1Cr13 stainless steel joint ebhobozwe nge-b-cu58mnco solder inokusebenza okufanayo ne-joint efanayo yensimbi engagqwali ebhobozwe nge-b-au82ni solder (bheka iThebula 6), kodwa izindleko zokukhiqiza zincishisiwe kakhulu.

Amandla okucheba ethebula lesi-5 enhlanganisela yensimbi engagqwali engu-1Cr18Ni9Ti eboshwe ngensimbi yokugcwalisa isisekelo sethusi eshisa kakhulu

Amandla okucheba ethebula 6 e-1Cr13 stainless steel brazed joint

Izinsimbi zokugcwalisa insimbi ezisekelwe ku-Manganese zisetshenziswa kakhulu ekuphepheni okuvikelwe yigesi, futhi ubumsulwa begesi buyadingeka ukuthi bube phezulu. Ukuze kugwenywe ukukhula kwensimbi eyisisekelo, kufanele kukhethwe insimbi yokugcwalisa insimbi ehambisanayo enokushisa kwensimbi okungaphansi kuka-1150 ℃. Umphumela wokugcwalisa insimbi ongagculisi ungatholakala ezinhlanganisweni zensimbi engagculisi ezifakwe insimbi esekelwe ku-manganese, njengoba kuboniswe kuThebula 7. Izinga lokushisa lokusebenza lenhlanganisela lingafinyelela ku-600 ℃.

Ithebula 7 amandla okusika kwe-lcr18ni9fi insimbi engagqwali ehlanganiswe ngensimbi yokugcwalisa esekelwe kuma-manganese

Uma insimbi engagqwali iqiniswa ngensimbi yokugcwalisa isisekelo se-nickel, ijoyinti lisebenza kahle ekushiseni okuphezulu. Le nsimbi yokugcwalisa ivame ukusetshenziselwa i-brazing evikelwe yigesi noma i-vacuum brazing. Ukuze kunqotshwe inkinga yokuthi kukhiqizwa ama-compound amaningi aqhekekile ejoyintini eliqinisiwe ngesikhathi sokwakheka kwejoyinti, okunciphisa kakhulu amandla kanye nokuqina kwejoyinti, igebe lejoyinti kufanele lincishiswe ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izakhi ezilula ukwakheka isigaba sokuqhekeka ku-solder zisakazeka ngokuphelele ensimbini eyisisekelo. Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukukhula kokusanhlamvu kwensimbi eyisisekelo ngenxa yokubamba isikhathi eside ekushiseni kwe-brazing, inqubo yokulinganisa ukubamba isikhathi esifushane kanye nokwelashwa kokusabalalisa ekushiseni okuphansi (uma kuqhathaniswa nokushisa kwe-brazing) ngemuva kokushisela ingathathwa.

Izinsimbi zokugcwalisa insimbi ezisezingeni eliphezulu ezisetshenziselwa ukugcwalisa insimbi engagqwali zifaka phakathi izinsimbi zokugcwalisa ezisekelwe egolide kanye nezinsimbi zokugcwalisa eziqukethe i-palladium, ezivame kakhulu kuzo yi-b-au82ni, i-b-ag54cupd kanye ne-b-au82ni, ezinokumanzika okuhle. Ijoyinti lensimbi engagqwali elihlanganisiwe linamandla aphezulu okushisa aphezulu kanye nokumelana nokushiswa, futhi izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lokusebenza lingafinyelela ku-800 ℃. I-B-ag54cupd inezici ezifanayo ne-b-au82ni futhi intengo yayo iphansi, ngakho-ke ivame ukuthatha indawo ye-b-au82ni.

(2) Ubuso bensimbi engagqwali emoyeni ogelezayo kanye nowesithando buqukethe ama-oxide afana ne-Cr2O3 kanye ne-TiO2, angasuswa kuphela ngokusebenzisa i-flux enamandla. Uma insimbi engagqwali iboshwe nge-tin lead solder, i-flux efanelekile yisisombululo samanzi se-phosphoric acid noma isixazululo se-zinc oxide hydrochloric acid. Isikhathi somsebenzi wesisombululo samanzi se-phosphoric acid sifushane, ngakho-ke indlela ye-brazing yokushisa okusheshayo kumele isetshenziswe. Ama-flux e-Fb102, fb103 noma fb104 angasetshenziswa ekubhebheni insimbi engagqwali ngezinsimbi zesiliva ezisekelwe ekugcwaliseni. Uma kubhebheni insimbi engagqwali ngensimbi yethusi esuselwe ekugcwaliseni, kusetshenziswa i-fb105 flux ngenxa yokushisa okuphezulu kwe-brazing.

Uma ufaka insimbi engagqwali esithandweni, kuvame ukusetshenziswa umoya we-vacuum noma umoya ovikelayo njenge-hydrogen, i-argon kanye ne-decomposition ammonia. Ngesikhathi sokufaka i-vacuum, umfutho we-vacuum kufanele ube ngaphansi kuka-10-2Pa. Uma ufaka i-vacuum emoyeni ovikelayo, iphuzu lamazolo legesi akufanele libe ngaphezu kuka--40 ℃ Uma ubumsulwa begesi bunganele noma izinga lokushisa le-brazing lingekho phezulu, inani elincane le-gas brazing flux, njenge-boron trifluoride, lingangezwa emoyeni.

2. Ubuchwepheshe be-brazing

Insimbi engagqwali kumele ihlanzwe ngokucophelela ngaphambi kokufaka i-brashing ukuze kususwe noma yiliphi i-grease kanye ne-oyela. Kungcono ukufaka i-brashing ngokushesha ngemva kokuhlanza.

Ukushiswa kwensimbi engagqwali kungasebenzisa izindlela zokushisa ezimaphakathi zomlilo, ukungeniswa kanye nokushisa okuphakathi. Isithando sokushiswa kwensimbi esithandweni kumele sibe nohlelo oluhle lokulawula izinga lokushisa (ukuphambuka kwezinga lokushisa lokushiswa kuyadingeka kube ngu-± 6 ℃) futhi singapholiswa ngokushesha. Uma i-hydrogen isetshenziswa njengegesi yokuvikela ukushiswa, izidingo ze-hydrogen zincike ekushiseni kokushiswa kanye nokwakheka kwensimbi eyisisekelo, okungukuthi, izinga lokushisa lokushiswa kwensimbi liphansi, kulapho insimbi eyisisekelo iqukethe khona isiqinisi, futhi kulapho kudingeka khona iphuzu lamazolo le-hydrogen eliphansi. Isibonelo, ngezinsimbi ezingagqwali ze-martensitic ezifana ne-1Cr13 ne-cr17ni2t, lapho kushiswa kwensimbi ku-1000 ℃, iphuzu lamazolo le-hydrogen liyadingeka libe ngaphansi kuka--40 ℃; Ngensimbi engagqwali ye-chromium nickel engu-18-8 ngaphandle kwesiqinisi, iphuzu lamazolo le-hydrogen kufanele libe ngaphansi kuka-25 ℃ ngesikhathi sokushiswa kwensimbi ku-1150 ℃; Kodwa-ke, ngensimbi engagqwali engu-1Cr18Ni9Ti equkethe i-titanium stabilizer, iphuzu lamazolo e-hydrogen kumele libe ngaphansi kuka--40 ℃ uma kushiswa ku-1150 ℃. Uma kushiswa ngokuvikelwa kwe-argon, ubumsulwa be-argon buyadingeka bube phezulu. Uma ithusi noma i-nickel ibekwe phezu kwensimbi engagqwali, isidingo sobumsulwa begesi yokuvikela singancishiswa. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukususwa kwefilimu ye-oxide phezu kwensimbi engagqwali, i-BF3 gas flux nayo ingangezwa, futhi i-lithium noma i-boron equkethe i-self flux solder nayo ingasetshenziswa. Lapho kushiswa ngensimbi engagqwali nge-vacuum brazing, izidingo ze-vacuum degree zincike ekushiseni kwe-brazing. Ngokwanda kwezinga lokushisa le-brazing, i-vacuum edingekayo ingancishiswa.

Inqubo eyinhloko yensimbi engagqwali ngemva kokubhinca ukuhlanza i-residual flux kanye ne-residual flow inhibitor, bese kwenziwa ukwelashwa kokushisa ngemva kokubhinca uma kudingeka. Kuye ngendlela esetshenziswayo yokubhinca kanye ne-brazing, i-residual flux ingagezwa ngamanzi, ihlanzwe ngomshini noma ihlanzwe ngamakhemikhali. Uma i-abrasive isetshenziselwa ukuhlanza i-residual flux noma ifilimu ye-oxide endaweni efudumele eduze kwejoyinti, kufanele kusetshenziswe isihlabathi noma ezinye izinhlayiya ezincane ezingezona ezensimbi. Izingxenye ezenziwe ngensimbi engagqwali ye-martensitic kanye nensimbi engagqwali eqinisa imvula zidinga ukwelashwa kokushisa ngokwezidingo ezikhethekile zezinto ngemuva kokubhinca. Amajoyinti ensimbi engagqwali abhinca ngezinsimbi zokugcwalisa ze-Ni Cr B kanye ne-Ni Cr Si avame ukuphathwa ngokwelashwa kokushisa kokusabalalisa ngemva kokubhinca ukunciphisa izidingo ze-brazing gap nokuthuthukisa isakhiwo esincane kanye nezakhiwo zamajoyinti.